Monosodium glutamate (MSG), tseem hu ua monosodium glutamate, yog ib qho kev hloov ua av ua los ntawm cov qoob los ntawm microbial fermentation. Nws cov khoom noj muaj haus yog sodium glutamate.
Sodium glutamate (C5H8NO4Na), kuj hu ua sodium glutamate. Glutamic acid yog ib hom amino acid thiab cov khoom kawg ntawm cov khoom noj protein. Sodium glutamate yog sodium ntsev ntawm cov amino acid. Nws yog xim tsis muaj kob uas tsis muaj qab hau thiab tsis qab, uas ua rau melts ntawm 232 C. Sodium glutamate zoo heev nyob hauv dej. Lub solubility ntawm sodium glutamate yog 74 grams ntawm 20 C (uas yog, ntawm 20 C, nws tau yaj mus txog 74 grams sodium glutamate hauv 100 ml dej).
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua pov thawj tias tsuas yog 0.3% sodium glutamate yuav ua tau sodium pyroglutamate thaum monosodium glutamate rhaub rau ib nrab ntawm 100 C, uas muaj me ntsis rau tib neeg lub cev. Nws yog qhia nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem hais tias sodium pyroglutamate yog harmless rau tib neeg lub cev. Hauv thaj chaw alkaline, monosodium glutamate tuaj yeem tsim ib yam khoom hu ua disodium glutamate los ntawm kev fab tshuaj, ces nws yuav tsum siv thiab muab cia.
Monosodium glutamate (MSG), tseem hu ua "MSG", kuj yog hu ua "sodium glutamate". Cov khoom tiav yog cov xim dawb thooj dawb los yog crystalline hmoov, uas yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej pleev qhov siv dav hauv tsev thiab sab nraud. Nws lub ntsiab Cheebtsam yog glutamic acid thiab ntsev.
Ntsev diluted 400 lub sij hawm nrog dej, tsis muaj salty saj, zoo tib yam suab thaj diluted 200 lub sij hawm nrog dej, tsis muaj qab zib saj, tab sis sodium glutamate, diluted 300 zaug nrog dej, tseem muaj lub qab saj, yog li nws yog hu ua "monosodium glutamate".
Txawm hais tias monosodium glutamate yog dav pom nyob rau hauv txhua txhua hnub cov khoom noj, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm glutamic acid thiab lwm yam aminoacids kom pab tau cov khoom noj khoom haus yog scientific pom nyob rau hauv xyoo pua 20th.
Nyob rau xyoo 1907, tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Imperial University hauv Tokyo, Nyiv, Jumiao Ikeda, pom tau tias thaum cov kua zaub kua txiv evaporates, nws yoojyim tom qab siv xim daj, kua qaub glutamic. Tom qab ntawd nws tau thov rau ib tug patent rau txoj kev ntawm loj-scale qhuav ntawm glutamic acid qhwv. Sodium glutamate hu ua monosodium glutamate, uas yog nkag tau rau hauv Tuam Tshoj thiab muaj npe hu ua "monosodium glutamate". Tsis ntev tom ntej, monosodium glutamate tau nrov thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb thiab dhau los ua ib qho kev ntxim nyiam rau tib neeg. Tom qab ntawd, ib tug tub hluas hu ua Wu Yunchu pheej pom tias monosodium glutamate yog sodium glutamate. Thaum ntxov li 1866, Dr Redhausen ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees extracted protein ntau.
Monosodium glutamate, nws lub npe muaj npe yog sodium glutamate. Nws muaj peb theem hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob:
Phase 1: Xyoo 1866, Dr. H. Ritthasen (Redhausen), German, cov amino acids uas tawm los ntawm gluten, uas lawv hu ua glutamic acid, npe hu ua glutamic acid los yog glutamic acid (vim gluten yog muab rho tawm ntawm cov nplej). Nyob rau xyoo 1908, lub L-glutamic acid Crystal tau raug rho tawm los ntawm kev siv cov kev siv ntawm Chrysanthemum Ikeda seedling ntawm Tokyo University, Nyiv. Cov Crystal yog tib yam khoom ua L-glutamic acid tau los ntawm cov hlab ntses protein, thiab nws muaj qab kawg li.
Qhov thib ob: gluten los yog soybean noj yog siv raw khoom los tsim cov monosodium glutamate los ntawm acid hydrolysis, uas tau siv ua ntej 1965. Txoj kev no muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev noj haus, siab, siab khov, khoom siv tiv taus.
Qhov thib peb theem: Nrog rau cov kev kawm ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm biotechnology, cov khoom ntawm monosodium glutamate tau hloov hauv kev tawm tsam. Txij li thaum xyoo 1965, Suav Monosodium glutamate factories tau siv cov khoom ua liaj ua teb (pob kws nplej, hmoov nplej, nplej hmoov nplej, nplej siab nplej siab nplej siab) kom tau txais sodium glutamate raws li lub teb chaws cov qauv ntawm microbial fermentation, extraction thiab refining, uas ntxiv cov dej khov thiab noj zoo mus rau tom khw thiab ua rau cov tais diav ntau qab tom qab siv nws.
Tus nqi ntawm monosodium glutamate kom tsawg los ntawm World Health Organization yog 120 mg / kg rau ib tus neeg laus ib hnub, uas yog hais tias, cov neeg laus uas muaj 50 kg tuaj yeem siv tau txog 6 grams ntawm monosodium glutamate ib hnub. Tus nqi ntawm monosodium glutamate noj nyob rau hauv no ntau yog tsis ntau.
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) yog ib hom ntawm seasoning, thiab nws lub ntsiab tivthaiv yog sodium glutamate. Lub ntsiab ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm monosodium glutamate yog ua kom cov saj cov zaub mov. Nws yog feem ntau siv hauv cov tais diav. Nws tuaj yeem siv tau rau hauv cov kua thiab cov kua ntsw.
Monosodium glutamate yog ib hom sodium glutamate crystallization uas yog lim los ntawm fermentation los ntawm grain. Glutamic acid tau tsim los ntawm qab zib los yog hmoov txhuv nplej siab hauv Tuam Tshoj txij li thaum 1965. Glutamic acid tau raug rho tawm los ntawm qhov taw qhia isoelectric crystallization, ion exchange los zinc ntsev refining, thiab ces crystallized decolorization, hlau tshem, evaporation thiab crystallization.